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Rudolfo Anaya (born October 30, 1937) is an American author. Best known for his 1972 novel ''Bless Me, Ultima'', Anaya is considered one of the founders of the canon of contemporary Chicano literature.〔Cesar A. Gonzales-T., ''The Ritual and Myth of Experience in the Works of Rudolfo A. Anaya'', published in ''A Sense of Place: Rudolfo A. Anaya: An Annotated Bio-Bibliography'' (2000).〕 == Biography == Rudolfo Alfonso Anaya was born in the rural village of Pastura, New Mexico, to Martin and Rafaelita Anaya. He was raised in the nearby town of Santa Rosa, New Mexico. His father was a ''vaquero'' from a family of cattle workers and sheepherders. His mother’s family was composed of farmers from Puerto De Luna in the Pecos Valley of New Mexico.〔Fernandez Olmos, Margarite. "The Life of Rudolfo A. Anaya." Rudolfo A. Anaya: A Critical Companion. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 1999. ABC-CLIO eBook Collection. Web. 20 Feb 2013.〕 Anaya grew up with two half-brothers, from his mother’s previous marriage, and four sisters. The beauty of the desert flatlands of New Mexico, referenced as the ''llano'' in Anaya's writings, had a profound influence on his early childhood.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gale - Free Resources - Hispanic Heritage - Biographies - Rudolfo Anaya )〕 Anaya’s family relocated from rural New Mexico to Albuquerque in 1952, when he was in the eighth grade.〔Con Davis-Undiano, Robert. "Author profile: Rudolfo A. Anaya." World Literature Today 79.3-4 (2005): 88. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.〕 He attended Albuquerque High School, graduating in 1956.〔 When he was sixteen, Anaya was hospitalized following a diving accident in which he fractured two neck vertebrae.〔 This experience later appeared as an autobiographical allusion in his novel ''Tortuga''.〔 Following high school, he earned a B.A. in English and American Literature from the University of New Mexico in 1963. He went on to complete two master’s degrees at the University of New Mexico, one in 1968 for English and another in 1972 for guidance and counseling.〔 While earning his master's degrees, Anaya worked as a high school English teacher in the Albuquerque public schools from 1963 until 1968.〔 In 1966, he married Patricia Lawless, who continues to support his writing.〔 He began writing ''Bless Me, Ultima'' in 1963, with the manuscript completed and published by Quinto Sol in 1972.〔 Initially, Anaya faced tremendous difficulty getting his work published by mainstream publishing houses because of its unique combination of English and Spanish language, as well as its Chicano-centric content.〔Clark, William. "Rudolfo Anaya: 'the Chicano worldview.'(Interview)." Publishers Weekly 5 June 1995: 41+. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.〕 Independent publishing house Quinto Sol quickly published the book after awarding it the Premio Quinto Sol in 1971 for best novel written by a Chicano.〔 The book went on to sell over 300,000 copies in 21 printings.〔Clark, William. "The mainstream discovers Rudolfo Anaya." Publishers Weekly 21 Mar. 1994: 24. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.〕 Following the book's success, Anaya was invited to join the English faculty at the University of New Mexico, where he taught until his retirement in 1993.〔 Anaya also traveled extensively through both China in 1984, and South America following his retirement. His experiences in China are chronicled in his travel journal, ''A Chicano in China'', published in 1986.〔〔 During the 90's, Anaya found an even wider audience as mainstream publishing house Warner books signed him on for a six-book deal beginning with his novel ''Alburquerque'', and including subsequent novels ''Zia Summer'', ''Rio Grande Fall'', ''Jalamanta: A Message from the Dessert'', ''Shaman Winter'', and ''The Anaya Reader'', a collection of his works.〔〔 ''Bless Me, Ultima'' was released as a full-length film on February 22, 2013.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bless Me, Ultima The Movie )〕 Anaya has also published a number of books for children and young adults. His first children's book was titled ''The Farolitos of Christmas'', and was published in 1995.〔 He currently resides in Albuquerque with his wife, and spends several hours daily writing.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rudolfo Anaya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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